There are two types of malnutrition:
Malnutrition and malnutrition.
Overweight / obese people can also have a deficiency in protein or vitamins / minerals, weight alone is not meaningful and therefore does not provide any information about the supply of the patient with micronutrients and protein.
Malnutrition (quantitative malnutrition)
Risks:
Lagging behind in physical and mental development (retardation)
Nutritional disorder (= dystrophy)
Death (in extreme cases)
Possible deficiency: protein, fat, vitamin and mineral deficiency
Risk groups:
People with eating disorders
elderly people living alone
Patients in old people's and nursing homes
homeless people
Malnutrition (qualitative malnutrition)
Undersupply of vitamins and minerals
Characteristics: too few vegetables and fruit, dairy products, wholemeal bread, legumes and potatoes
Possible reasons: convenience, time pressure
Risks: Retardation in children, which can be irreparable
Frequent infections, constipation, iodine deficiency, osteoporosis (bone decalcification)
Risk groups:
Singles
elderly
homeless people
Why is nutritional therapy important?
Malnutrition increases the risk of disease by weakening the immune system. The aim is to improve your nutritional status. Nutritional therapy supports you in eating a full diet with a supply of all important nutrients and thereby counteracting the lack of energy / protein / vitamins / minerals or energy & protein and ultimately having more strength again.
The aim is to supply all of the fatty acids, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) that are important to you, energy and protein in the measure that your body is optimally supplied with. For this purpose, foods that promote inflammation are specifically avoided and plenty of anti-inflammatory foods are consumed. An anti-inflammatory diet can improve the state of health.
Blood count: The serum albumin value should be at least 3 (so that there is no protein deficiency).
Important terms in connection with malnutrition:
Dehydration (lack of water in the body due to insufficient fluid intake) = subgroup of malnutrition
Cachexia (pathological, very severe emaciation, from a BMI <18.5)
Inanition (emaciation to less than 80% of normal weight)
Conditions that can lead to cachexia:
chronic diseases cancer, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis
eating disorder
persistent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (enteritis, indigestion) or the pancreas (especially chronic pancreatitis)
chronic heart failure
chronic lung disease with respiratory failure (pulmonary cachexia) cystic fibrosis
Infant Undersuturing:
Kwashiorkor: Cause: insufficient supply of proteins and energy with food
Marasmus: cause: insufficient supply of proteins and energy with food
Scores for risk identification of malnutrition (e.g. in hospitals or outpatient departments):
Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002): Hospital
- Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)
ambulance
- Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)
- Mini Nutritional Assesment àGeriatrics
(MNA® - Score (short or long form)
- Nursing registration of malnutrition and its causes (PEMU) à Stationary long-term or elderly care
Assessment:
Aim: Assessment and evaluation of the nutritional status
Application: if the screening result is conspicuous
Implementation: detailed anamnesis and development of goals and measures for nutritional therapy
Needed if the screening result shows malnutrition or if there is an increased risk.
Assessment modules:
Medical anamnesis interview
Anthropometric method
Relevant laboratory values (biochemical parameters)
Detailed nutritional history
Drinking food (astronaut food):
The ability to prescribe is regulated in the Drugs Directive
Are reimbursable if there is a lack of or limited ability to eat well.
Classification of your weight - definition and classification of weight in relation to height.
Special percentile curves apply to children and adolescents; the BMI cannot simply be used here.
BMI and interpretation: BMI: body mass index. Formula: Body weight in kg : (body height in m) 2
Underweight: <18.5
Normal weight: 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight = pre-obesity: 25-29.9
Obesity grade I: 30 - 34.9
Obesity grade II: 35-39.9
Obesity grade III:> 40 = per magna
Nutritional therapy
Anti-inflammatory nutrition as a basis, individually tailored to you
Holistic therapy - do you have any comorbidities that need to be taken into account during the consultation?
Overall fat selection, how should it be designed
How many animal foods (e.g. meat products, milk and dairy products, cheese, fish products, eggs) are recommended?
What do I have to look out for when choosing animal foods?
How can I counteract inflammatory processes through diet?
Body weight: Weight reduction is recommended if you are overweight / obese.
In the case of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders, also treat them with nutritional therapy
Avoid micronutrient deficiencies and mineral deficiencies & possibly counteract them with nutrient preparations
Prevent protein deficiency
Which nutrients do I need in which ratio?
Get enough fiber (> 30 g / day) through natural foods, possibly fiber substitution
Sufficient fluid: total fluid per day: 30 - 35 ml per kg body weight and day. Attention, this is not just a drinking liquid. The liquid from food (approx. 500 - 800 ml) must still be subtracted from this, so that an amount of approx. 1.3 - 2 l of drinking liquid is created.
add valuable anti-carcinogenic (anti-cancer) secondary plant substances
A selection of foods tailored to your needs with cooking and technical information (for breakfast, snacks, lunch, dinner)
Do you like to eat your warm meal in the evening? I am happy to cater to your individual situation and we will create a plan on how you can implement your wholesome diet into your everyday life.
which oils are good for me? What should I watch out for in relation to the anti-inflammatory diet?
How much fat spread (butter / margarine / vegetable fat) can I use and which products are recommended?
Get enough Omgea-3 fatty acids and essential fatty acids
How can I boost and support my metabolism with natural foods?
Coordinate sensible meal frequency for your individual case - meal allocation
Define the desired weight stabilization / normalization & the estimated period for this
what should be considered with beverages and alcoholic beverages?
How does exercise affect your body and thus also your diet?
Avoid blood sugar fluctuations
Sweetening foods - sweeteners, glucose, fructose, sugar and sugar substitutes, what can I use and in what quantities? How high is the respective sweetness of the different products?
what should be considered when baking and cooking?
what are cheap snacks / main meals
Eating out - what should you watch out for?
Vacation, boat trip or hospital stay, what should be considered?
Flatulence, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, heartburn, loss of appetite, pain related to eating, what can I do about it?
Daily plans as an example for practical implementation in everyday life
Enjoyment training
Optimizing your eating situation
long-term maintenance of a jointly defined weight
Strengthen the stomach and intestines with natural foods
Additional therapy options
Dietetic products in support of nutritional therapy
Food supplements - under certain circumstances, a supplement can be useful
and other topics
Any questions? I look forward to your call or email. To contact form
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